Oh, man. I think this bounty needs help. I'll try to contribute as much as I can. I'll post some now and add more later as I get time and think of more things.
For kalpa, world cycle:
- tein, from tiid and lein
- jal, for no particular reason (I like jal better)
- ex. "Zu'u ni laan daar tein / jal oblaan." I do not want this world-cycle to end.
For an event that will take place, an inevitable fate:
- qel, inspired by qostiid and qolaas
- "Dinok qel fah joor." Death is inevitable for mortals.
- "DaalseAlduin qel, nuz tol qel nunon tiid mindok." Alduin's return will happen, but that's all we know. (That was a very rough translation.)
- A conversation:
Person A: "Rul bormahiil daal nol kein?" When will your father come home from the war?
Person B: "Vomindok. Nii qel. Tol pah mindoki." I couldn't tell you. It will happen. That's all I know. (In this sentence, qel is not used in the "inevitable" sense, only in the sense that the event has not yet happened and is not happening, if that makes sense.)
For flying against the wind, fighting adversity/fate:
- wul
- yul
- yaal
- I'm unsure how you'd use this word in a sentence.