Another way to "translate" a name is to look up its original meaning, and try to fit that in three draconic syllables. This is the process that yields "Kulaasbrii" for "Sarah".

The only meaning I was able to find for Claudia is "crippled". Understandably you might not want to take that route, but if you do, the hypothetical participle "Nost" ('stricken') could be one component.

No, not as far as I'm aware. It'd be 'klaudia' because 'c' doesn't exist, though.