If you have it on Steam, you have to go open Steam Tools, and download the Creation Kit. Load up the Skyrim file in the CK, and you have access to every file used in the game and many unused ones too.

Oh! Does CK let you listen to audio files?

I haven't tried myself, but I assume so. I've seen plenty of mods that alter audio.

I figured it out! I'll write it here for anyone else who may also be having trouble. To be clear, this is how to find and convert Skyrim's audio dialogue files into a format your computer can understand so you can listen to them. This is where I found the files:

Steam > steamapps > common > Skyrim > Data

In the Data folder, I found all of the vanilla content plus the data from the mods I've downloaded. Because I wanted the dialogue audio, my focus was on the "Skyrim - Voices.bsa" file. This was where things started to get kind of complicated.

Your computer can't open .bsa files on its own, so you need another program to do it for you. I used a program called BSAopt, which you can download here. You can find instructions for using the program here. The install instructions were confusing for me, so I'll clarify for noobs like me:

1. If you used the Nexus Mod Manager (NMM) (which I did and I suggest you do because otherwise this whole thing will be kind of useless to you) to download BSAopt, you don't need to worry about this step at all. Ignore step one.
2. If you ignored step one, you can also ignore step two.
3. Once you've used NMM to download BSAopt, go into the Data folder seen above. You'll find two versions here: the 32-bit and the 64-bit. The one that you use depends on the type of PC you have. There are multiple ways to learn which -bit your PC is depending which operating system your PC is running on (Windows 7, 8, etc). This is easy enough to look up yourself. Because mine is 64-bit, I chose to run the application "BSAopt x64.exe". Go ahead and run the program that applies to you.
4. I'm not sure how to make a shortcut, but what I did was I right-clicked on the icon in the taskbar (bottom of the screen) after opening the program and selected the option to "pin this program to the taskbar". (I should probably mention that I am using Windows 8. I don't know if this is any different on Windows 7.)

Now that you have the program open, you can unpack the files. To do this, follow the instructions listed on the same page as the download instructions. I will only make a couple of notes/comments here:

     8.  I created a folder specifically for the unpacked files just to make my life easier.

     9.  For me, the button says "Unpack" rather than "Convert". I have no idea why, but it still works. If yours says "Unpack", don't worry. It'll still do its thing.

What this does is convert .bsa files into .fuz files. Fuz files are unique to Bethesda and contain both the audio and the information that tells NPCs' lips how to move. In order to extract the audio from these .fuz files and convert them into a listenable format, you're going to need another program. There are a few floating around, but the one I used that worked for me is called Unfuzer. The one I've linked to is the most up-to-date version; the page has a link to the older version if you have trouble with this one. There's also another program called the Skyrim Audio Converter, which lots of people seem to like. The difference is that Unfuzer can only convert from .fuz to .wav, while the Skyrim Audio Converter has options for the formats you can convert the audio into, like .mp3 or .flac, etc. However, the Skyrim Audio Converter did not work for me, so I went with Unfuzer, and it works wonderfully. Check out both; maybe the Skyrim Audio Converter will work for you.

The interface of Unfuzer is relatively simple, but I'll clear up a few things that I was unsure about:

• When you unfuz the files, the .fuz files themselves will not be altered. The program adds the .wav files to the same folder that the .fuz files are contained in.
• I don't know what the boxes "process .lip files," "parse subfolders," or its consequential box "recursive" do, but I ignore them and everything's fine. Whatever they do, pretty sure they aren't necessary. If you don't know, either, it's not a big deal.

And there you go! Once you've unfuzed the files, you've got nice, listenable .wav files for your use and enjoyment! I hope this helps someone. It took me an awful lot of time and work for me to figure it out myself. Good luck!

And thank you for your help, Loniizrath!

If you do ever get to it, turn on all the files turned off, and then play the game and see what happens lol.