No direct word-for-word translations, but you can still convey what you want by rephrasing and then translating the words.

Where:

Where are you? - Hin golt? (your place?)

I know where he is - Zu'u mindok golt kolos rok los (I know the place in which he is)

The forest where he died - Feykro kolos rok dir (Forest in which he died)

What: 

What are you doing? - Daar tol hi dreh? (This that you do?)

What even are you? - Vonmindoraan/Vomindok hi! (Unknowable what you are!)

What is the shield-maiden's weapon?

What...? - Tinvaak do ... (Tell me of ...)

Why: 

Why are you here? - Hin sod etc. het? (Your deed here?) Tinvaak do hin sod het (Talk about your deed here)

Alternate: Hin laan het? / Tinvaak hin laan. (What you want here? / Talk about what you want.) -- Note: "laan" means "want" as in the in-game dialog: "Zu'u lost ofan hin laan." ~Odahviing. It means "I have given what you want".

Why does she stand here? Dreh rek kriist het fah osos laan? / Tinvaak do ek laan het. (Does she stand here for something she wants? / Talk about what she wants here.)