Pronouns
Key Points
- The dragon language has 4 types of pronouns - nominative, accusative, possessive, and reflexive.
- Possessive determiners ("my") and possessive pronouns ("mine") are the same.
- All reflexive pronouns end with -maar.
What are Pronouns?
A pronoun is a noun that is used in place of another noun or name. English pronouns include I, you, he, she, it, they, and we. Pronouns form the base vocabulary of many languages.
This lesson covers all of the different dragon pronouns and their forms. Below is a list of every pronoun.
Subject | Object | Possessive | Reflexive |
zu'u | zu'u | dii | zu'u |
hi | hi | hin/him | hi |
rok | rok | ok | rok |
rek | rek | ek | rek |
nii | nii | nimaar | |
nust | niin | niin | |
mu | mu | un | mu |
Note where some vocabulary is unknown. We'll go over each column section by section below.
Subject
Subject pronouns are used as the subject of a sentence, also known as nominative case. For example, "I went to Whiterun" or "She is one of the Companions". In cases where a nominative pronoun is unknown (marked non-canon), it is assumed to be the same as the accusative pronoun. Below are all of the nominative pronouns:
I |
z5 | zu'u |
You |
hi | hi |
He |
rok | rok |
She |
rek | rek |
It |
n3 | nii |
They |
nust | nust |
We |
mu | mu |
The pronoun "hi" is pronounced like "hee".
Unlike English, the word for "I", "zu'u", is not always capitalized. The dragon language does not have uppercase or lowercase letters.
Object
Object pronouns are used as the object of a sentence, also known as accusative case. For example, "The dragon ate him" or "The king doesn't like them." Some are the same as the nominative case, like hi (you) and nii (it). In cases where an accusative pronoun is unknown (marked non-canon), it is assumed to be the same as the nominative pronoun. Below are all of the accusative pronouns:
Me |
z9 | |
You |
hi | hi |
Him |
rok | rok |
Her |
rek | rek |
It |
n3 | nii |
Them |
n3n | niin |
Us |
mu | mu |
In rare cases, the word "dovah" can be used by a dragon to refer to oneself.
Possessive
Possessive determiners and possessive pronouns show possession, for example "my sword", "his crown", or "the day is ours". The possessive forms of a few pronouns are unknown.
My/Mine |
d3 | dii |
Your/Yours |
hin/him | hin/him |
His |
ok | ok |
Her/Hers |
ek | ek |
Our/Ours |
un | un |
"Him" is used instead of "hin" with words that begin with "H", e.g. "him hind" ("your wish").
Reflexive
The reflexive column is for pronouns that refer to themselves. For cases where the reflexive is unknown, you may use the accusative form instead.
Myself |
zu'u | zu'u |
Yourself |
hi | hi |
Himself |
rok | rok |
Herself |
rek | rek |
Itself |
nim1r | nimaar |
Themselves |
niin | niin |
Ourselves |
mu | mu |
Exercises
1. Translate the pronouns of the following sentence: "I heard you faced him on the battlefield."
2. Translate the pronouns for the following sentence: "This battle is hers. She will fight fate itself."
3. What type of pronoun is "his" in "Dragonborn, Dragonborn, by his honor is sworn..."? What is the dragon translation?
4. Make flash cards for each pronoun (there are 15 total) and practice memorizing them. For extra practice, make additional flashcards with basic words like dovah "dragon" and krif "to fight" and arrange them to form sentences.