Bone marrow transplant (BMT) is a special therapy for patients with certain cancers or other diseases. A bone marrow transplant involves taking cells that are normally found in the bone marrow (stem cells), filtering those cells, and giving them back either to the donor (patient) or to another person. The goal of BMT is to transfuse healthy bone marrow cells into a person after his or her own unhealthy bone marrow has been treated to kill the abnormal cells.

Bone marrow transplants are matched by comparing the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) types of the donor and recipient. HLA types are determined by testing a blood sample or cheek swab for proteins on the surface of blood cells. 

HLA typing involves multiple genes, each with various alleles (different versions of the gene). The combination of these genes creates a vast array of possible HLA types, making finding an exact match challenging. A close HLA match is crucial to minimize the risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a serious complication where the donor's immune system attacks the recipient's tissues.   

Both the recipient and potential donors undergo HLA typing, typically involving blood tests.   

Advanced techniques analyze DNA to determine the specific HLA alleles. Sophisticated computer algorithms analyze the HLA data to identify the closest matches within registries like Be The Match. Factors beyond HLA, such as the recipient's medical condition and urgency, are also considered.   

If a suitable family member match is found, they are prioritized. If not, the search expands to unrelated donors in registries. The goal is to find the most compatible donor with the highest chance of successful transplantation.   

While HLA matching is paramount, other factors influence donor selection such as donors must be healthy and meet specific medical criteria. Donors undergo a thorough evaluation to assess their suitability and willingness to donate. Practical considerations like donor availability and the logistics of the donation process are also taken into account.

This global registry plays a vital role in connecting patients with potential unrelated donors. A diverse registry with individuals from various ethnic and racial backgrounds is crucial to increase the chances of finding matches for all patients.

For more information visit the official site:: https://www.edhacare.com/treatments/organ-transplant/bone-marrow